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diagnosis hematology differential causes management algorithm oncology leukemia arthritis atlas chronic hemeonc hemolysis hemophagocytic hlh hypertension laboratory lactate lymphocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... , McLeod blood group ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hereditary: • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Peripheral blood ... DAT (-) → Sickle Cell ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... Fevers, DAT (-) → Infection
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... cells: Sickle cell ... disease Bite cells ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
anemia • Cold ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) • Blood ... sensitize red blood ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Consider sickle cell ... inclusions - If infection ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... defects (e.g. sickle cell ... ), Infections, Hypersplenism
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
for workup, including ... hematologic: Acute blood ... loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment Warm AIHA: 1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell ( ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... cells - Sickle cell ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic ... #differential #hematology
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