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diagnosis hematology differential management causes algorithm oncology infectiousdiseases dermatology erythematosus leukemia lupus reactions sle syndrome systemic acute adultonset aplastic blood
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hereditary: • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History •
Hemolytic Anemia ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... Recent travel/Fevers ... , DAT (-) → Infection
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment Warm AIHA: 1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... inclusions - If infection ... bartonella (oroya fever ... #Anemia #Differential ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic ... Causes: • Liver disease ... drug induced • Infections ... Diagnosis #causes #classification ... #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS": • Thalassemia
-100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... Macroangiopathic, Infections ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... Symptoms: High fevers ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework Continuous Fever: Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
and bacterial infections ... • Rickettsiae infections ... Pyogenic/focal infection ... schistosomiasis • Pyemia ... with profound hemolysis
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... G6PD deficiency), Infections ... Production #Index #hematology
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