61 results
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... - Differential ... of anemia and hemolysis ... Abnormal peripheral smear ... #Anemias #Differential
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Peripheral blood smear ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... #Anemia #Differential
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic ... reticulocytes • Hemolysis ... C3d • Blood smear ... : Differential → ... Antibody #Autoimmune #Hemolytic
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... cold agglutin disease ... e.g. sickle cell disease ... Hypersplenism, Wilson's disease ... Extravascular #Causes #differential
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood Smear ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic ... cells: Sickle cell disease ... Peripheral #Blood #Smear
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Consider sickle cell disease ... , Hemoglobin H disease ... #Anemia #Differential
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... , Drugs, Liver Disease ... Peripheral Blood Smear ... Urobilinogen #Hemolysis ... #Differential #
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - Differential ... Cold Agglutinin Disease ... #Autoimmune #Hemolytic ... #Anemia #AIHA #Differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... • Compensated hemolysis ... IgM) • Blood smear ... younger pts) Differential ... #hemolytic #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
anemia, Chronic disease ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... RBC #Morphology #differential