Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms and Signs
Hypothyroidism:
 - General - From asymptomatic to myxedema coma, β€œLike
β€’ Weight gain ... MSc @AmyChung #Hypothyroid ... #Hyperthyroid # ... Symptoms #Signs #Diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Myoedema in Hypothyroidism on Physical Exam

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from the production, secretion or
is a clinical syndrome ... drowsiness, weight gain ... reflex hammer, caused ... #endocrinology ... #hypothyroid
β–Ί
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 β€’ Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 β€’ Hyperthecosis
 β€’ Tumor
Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Medical/Other β€’ Hypothyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 β€’ Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 β€’ Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... Bone Resorption: Hyperthyroid ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 β€’ Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 β€’ Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 β€’ AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
When to suspect AIN ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... or low Uosm), Hypothyroidism ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology