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diagnosis differential nephrology hypokalemia hyponatremia renal acidosis aniongap calculi calculus constipation excretion high hypomagnesemia magnesium medications metabolic nongap pathophysiology pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Diuretic excess ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... , Potassium depletion ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... diuretics (amiloride ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Na• delivery: diuretics ... , osmotic diuresis ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... - Metabolic: hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... #Constipation #Causes
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