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diagnosis differential calculi calculus nephrology stones acidosis aniongap classification diuresis diuretics imaging medications metabolic modalities nongap pharmacology potassium radiology types
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... ketosis with ketone excretion
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
urinary calcium excretion ... urinary calcium excretion ... amino acids in kidney ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
non-invasive - High ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes ... #Kidney #stones
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Inadequate excretion ... Renal resistance ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... Classification #Causes
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