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Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Diagnosis of Central ... Differential #Diagnosis #Central ... #Cardiology #Causes ... #Table #Comparison
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Acute and chronic ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... hypernatremia - DI, Central ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... Diuretics #Renal #Excretion ... #Medications #Table
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
generalized or a general ... seizure caused ... and metabolic causes ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... Signs #Symptoms #Comparison
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
straight segments - Secretion ... organic acids and bases ... parathyroid hormone control ... under vasopressin control ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Stable #NarrowComplex ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... Immunocompromised state - General ... ) - Previous chronic ... meningitis - Previous chronic ... intercourse or exertion
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Inadequate excretion ... Chronic kidney disease ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes