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differential acidosis metabolic nephrology pharmacology potassium table alkalosis aniongap diuresis diuretics endocrinology excretion hardass high hyperkalemia hypocalcemia hypokalemia low medications
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... and bases, including ... Henle's loop (TAL) - Active ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm Anion gap - MUDPILES: - Methanol (formic
and Alkalosis - Diagnostic ... Algorithm Anion ... Methanol (formic acid ... glycol (-> oxalic acid ... Respiratory #Metabolic #Algorithm
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Acid loads (ammonium ... Cation exchange ... #differential #diagnosis
Shock - Pathophysiology Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements 1. Distributive Shock 2. Hypovolemic Shock 3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Increased ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm R/O ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Kidney stones caused ... the Nonspecific Cation
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Decreased calcium absorption • Vitamin D deficiency -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Resistance to PTH action ... pancreatitis - Fatty acids ... #Causes #endocrinology
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