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Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... ) #bowel #obstruction ... #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Obstructive Shock ... #Shock #Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
- Able to identify ... non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes ... of obstruction
Small Bowel Infarction - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Thankfully, bowel infarction in general is the rarest cause
Small Bowel Infarction ... is the rarest cause ... Bowel infarction ... colon is reduced, colonic ... SmallBowel #Infarction #pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
and Functional ... Destruction of MV ... Age-related changes, chronic ... Causes of functional ... #Primary #Functional
Causes and Assessment of the Child with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
> 90% no structural cause identified
Gastrointestinal
 •
Causes and Assessment ... • Irritable bowel ... • Inflammatory bowel ... Pelvi-ureteric junction ... (PUJ) obstruction
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... intake - Poor bowel ... mass with obstruction ... dyssynergia Irritable bowel ... #Constipation #Causes
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
Osmotic Diarrhea
 1. Medications: antacids, lactulose, sorbitol
 2. Disaccharidase deficiency: lactose intolerance
 3.
Causes of Chronic ... adenocarcinoma (with obstruction ... Lymphatic obstruction ... Irritable bowel ... #Diarrhea #Causes