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Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Categorized by Causes ... , Renal Losses ( ... High and Low Blood ... #Differential #Algorithm
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... deficiency - Heparin/ LMW ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
abdominal pain • Obstipation ... pain • Flat/low ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... Idiopathic megarectum Slow ... bowel syndrome #Constipation ... #Causes #Differential