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Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Classification
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... urinary calcium excretion ... tubular acidosis (type ... urinary calcium excretion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of ... Syndromes - Faulty excretion ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... #differential #causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... contribute to any type ... #Incontinence #Types ... #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... obstruction _ pHA type ... I, type II - ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... #Medications #Table
Principal Causes of Generalized Edema - History, Physical Examination, and Laboratory Findings 

Cardiac, Hepatic, Renal (ARF),
Principal Causes ... (ARF), Renal (Nephrotic ... #Differential #Table