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diagnosis differential nephrology pharmacology hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia low medications comparison drugs excretion features hyperlipidemia hypernatremia hypomg magnesium nephron pathophysiology potassium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... hypernatremia - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
inhibitors, loop diuretics ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... mimics thiazide diuretic
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Na• delivery: diuretics ... , osmotic diuresis ... Low #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia Nunerous secondary causes of hyperlipidemia exist; screening for the presence of these underlying
Secondary Causes ... Nunerous secondary causes ... beta-blockers, diuretics ... Hypothyroidism, Nephrotic ... Hyperlipidemia #Secondary #Causes
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