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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Table
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Cyanotic heart defect ... #Cyanosis #Differential ... Cardiology #Causes #Table
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Benzodiazepines:
 - Bind to specific GABAA receptor subunits at central nervous system (CNS) neuronal synapses
with few amnestic effects ... 5-HT-Receptor Agonist ... uncertain: - Partial agonist ... of anxiolytic effects ... pharmacology #comparison #table
Characteristics of Common Lipid Disorders
Polygenic hypercholesterolemia
Atherogenic dyslipidemia
 • Frequently accompanied by central obesity or diabetes
Familial hypercholesterolemia,
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (type ... diseases #comparison #table ... #defects #diagnosis ... #differential #
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Summary of actions of some Cholinergic Agonists

Bethanechol 
• Used in treatment of urinary retention 
• Binds
some Cholinergic Agonists ... CNS and cardiac effects ... • Reverses CNS effects ... #Cholinergic #Agonists ... #Pharmacology #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Hereditary defects ... l; defects in the ... End-stage renal ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... High #Potassium #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
ß2-Adrenergic agonists ... Anabolic state ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Low #Potassium #Classification