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diagnosis differential nephrology renal calculi hyperkalemia stones acidosis acute aniongap diuresis diuretics excretion hypertension imaging injury medications metabolic modalities nongap
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... amino acids in kidney ... to treat heart failure ... #Calculi #Types ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal Calculus ... non-invasive - High ... causes of flank ... causes of obstruction ... #Renal #Kidney
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... perfusion: • Cardiac failure ... POST-RENAL Urinary calculi ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Distal (classic) ... differential #diagnosis #causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
inhibitors Other causes ... I, type II - ... transplant - SLE High ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... Heart Association class
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension 1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... protein receptor type ... activin A receptor type ... chronic renal failure ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Congestive heart failure ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
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