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diagnosis causes nephrology algorithm hyponatremia medications pharmacology acidosis agonists aniongap antimuscarinic classification diuretics excretion hypokalemia metabolic nongap renal workup
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute ... (Aldosterone Antagonists ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists Muscarinic Receptor Agonists Methacholine • Diagnosis of bronchial airway Carbachol • Glaucorna (topical
Receptor Agonists and Antagonists ... Atropine • Acute ... Overactive bladder, enuresis ... hyoscyamine • Diarrhea-predominant ... #Pharmacology #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... (carbonic anhydrase ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days) Exclude: 1. Causes of acute diarrhea 2. Lactose intolerance 3.
Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... #Diarrhea #management ... workup #diagnosis #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... Diarrhea B. ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
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