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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
IBS-D Pharmacotherapy

Loperamide
Rifaximin
Eluxadoline
Alosetron
Antispasmodics
Tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs

#IBSD #IBS #Diarrhea #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #pharmacology #table #comparison #management #treatment
#IBS #Diarrhea ... #Irritable #Bowel ... #Syndrome #pharmacology ... #table #comparison ... #management #treatment
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
Irritable Bowel ... Syndrome (IBS) Treatment ... Antispasmodics IBS-Diarrhea ... : • Diarrhea: ... #Management #Algorithm
IBS-C Pharmacotherapy

Polyethylene glycol
Lubiprostone
Linaclotide
Plecanatide
Tegaserod
Tenapanor

#IBSC #IBS #Constipation #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #pharmacology #table #comparison #management #treatment
IBS-C Pharmacotherapy ... #Irritable #Bowel ... #Syndrome #pharmacology ... #table #comparison ... #management #treatment
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel ... syndrome 4. ... stool weight: Irritable ... bowel syndrome, ... #management #algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - Cushing's syndrome ... - Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
due to Sjögren syndrome ... hyoscyamine • Diarrhea-predominant ... irritable bowel ... syndrome (IBS) ... #Pharmacology #Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... irrigation • Management ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table