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differential central classification metabolic neurology vertigo algorithm aniongap calculi calculus diabetes findings gap high hypokalemia hyponatremia insipidus nongap potassium renal
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis #Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... and Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... with renal tubal acidosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... potassium shift - Acidosis ... transplantation, type ... renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #diagnosis
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Characteristics of Peripheral ... with vascular causes ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL ... symptoms most common type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes
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