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differential central classification neurology hyperkalemia vertigo algorithm aniongap bells calculi calculus cn7 diabetes facial findings high hypokalemia hyponatremia insipidus metabolic
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 - Failure of secretion Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Type 1 ... salt diet #Renal ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Proximal RTA (type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... tubular acidosis ... tubular acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubal acidosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Types of Facial Paralysis - Peripheral vs Central Lesions Facial weakness or paralysis may result either from
Types of Facial ... Paralysis - Peripheral ... #CNVII #CN7 #Peripheral ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology ... #Diagnosis *
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Characteristics of Peripheral ... with vascular causes ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL ... symptoms most common type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... potassium shift - Acidosis ... transplantation, type ... acidosis) #Hyperkalemia ... #Causes #diagnosis
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