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diagnosis classification renal algorithm aniongap calculi calculus constipation diuresis excretion high hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia insipidus low magnesium medications metabolic nongap
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Proximal RTA (type ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... Diabetes, diabetic ... #Differential # ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... hyperparathyroidism, diabetes ... porphyria - Neurologic ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... #Differential #
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