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diagnosis renal algorithm aniongap calculi calculus classification constipation diabetes excretion hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia insipidus low magnesium medications metabolic nongap pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... , hypercalcemia, ... porphyria - Neurologic ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... #Differential #
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