Manual of Medicine @ManualOfMedicine
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diagnosis classification algorithm aniongap calculi calculus diabetes diuresis excretion failure high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia injury insipidus kidney low magnesium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... tubal acidosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... tubular acidosis ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... after starvation, Acute ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Small-vessel vasculitis Acute ... #Diagnosis #Acute ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential
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