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diagnosis algorithm aniongap calculi calculus diabetes diuresis excretion high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia insipidus low magnesium medications metabolic nongap pharmacology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 - Failure of secretion Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... salt diet #Renal ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... tubular acidosis ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
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