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differential nephrology calculi classification diuresis diuretics excretion failure high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hyponatremia injury medications metabolic nongap pharmacology postrenal potassium prerenal
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... exchange resins #aniongap ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... Urinary calculi ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Acute #Kidney
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... tubular acidosis ... amino acids in kidney ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #Diagnosis
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