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diagnosis differential nephrology classification hypokalemia table acidosis hyponatremia metabolic types acute alkalosis aniongap calculi calculus constipation defects diuresis diuretics endocrinology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... cell disease - Renal ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Algorithm ... Categorized by Causes ... Extrarenal Losses, Renal ... #Differential #Algorithm
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... #Causes #endocrinology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Acute and chronic kidney ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium load - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... neonates) - Diabetic ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney ... #Differential #Nephrology
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