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Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... - Diuretic Sites ... of Action Diuretics ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Mechanism of Action of Diuretics
Amiloride, Triamterene, Spironolactone
Loop Diuretics
Thiazides
Acetazolamide

#Diuretics #Mechanism #Action #pharmacology #pathophysiology #nephrology
Mechanism of Action ... of Diuretics Amiloride ... Acetazolamide #Diuretics ... #Mechanism #Action ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology
Structure and function of the Adrenal Glands

#Adrenal #Glands #Function #Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Structure and function ... Adrenal #Glands #Function ... #Hormones #Actions ... #Pathophysiology
Renal Effect of NSAIDs Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis

 - Renal disease, Cardiovascular disease -> Decreased renal
Heart failure, Diuretics ... synthesis, leaving actions ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , nasogastric suction ... thiazide-like diuretics ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... the Nonspecific Cation
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Cation exchange
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes