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Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... with an Elevated Anion ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Table ... #Differential # ... Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... Chronic progressive kidney ... Cation exchange ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
Altered Renal Function ... neurotransmission in kidney ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... the Nonspecific Cation ... #Medications #Table