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Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... - Diuretic Sites ... of Action Diuretics ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Mechanism of Action of Diuretics
Amiloride, Triamterene, Spironolactone
Loop Diuretics
Thiazides
Acetazolamide

#Diuretics #Mechanism #Action #pharmacology #pathophysiology #nephrology
Mechanism of Action ... of Diuretics Amiloride ... Acetazolamide #Diuretics ... #Mechanism #Action ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology
Structure and function of the Adrenal Glands

#Adrenal #Glands #Function #Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Structure and function ... Adrenal #Glands #Function ... #Hormones #Actions ... #Pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... acid and most diuretics ... Henle's loop (TAL) - Active ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
, nasogastric suction ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... mimics thiazide diuretic
Renal Effect of NSAIDs Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis

 - Renal disease, Cardiovascular disease -> Decreased renal
Heart failure, Diuretics ... synthesis, leaving actions ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
- Nasogastric suction ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics
Recommended Therapeutic Approach to the Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers;
ventricular ejection fraction ... Cardiomyopathy #Algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
loss: Nasogastric suction ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
Altered Renal Function ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action