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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Diagnosis, and Features ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) 
An rare systemic acute febrile vasculitic syndrome. Aetiology unknown. 
Affects
Kawasaki Disease ... Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ... febrile vasculitic syndrome ... #Kawasaki #Disease ... #Features #Signs
Causes of Hyperuricemia
Increased production
 • Solid-organ transplant
 • Tumor lysis syndrome
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Lesch Nyhan
Causes of Hyperuricemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Lesch Nyhan syndrome ... disease (CKD) stages ... Hyperuricemia #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney ... #Differential #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... syndrome • Hyponatremia ... syndrome • Nephrogenic ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
prolapse (Marfan syndrome ... , Ehler-Danlos syndrome ... changes, chronic kidney ... , carcinoid syndrome ... hypereosinophilic syndrome
Symptoms and signs of chronic kidney disease.

#Signs #Symptoms #CKD #Chronic #Kidney #Disease #Nephrology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Symptoms and signs ... of chronic kidney ... disease. ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Disease #Nephrology
Characteristic clinical manifestations of Down syndrome 
 
Typical craniofacial appearance 
 • Round face and flat
manifestations of Down syndrome ... • Hirschsprung disease ... #Downs #Syndrome ... #PhysicalExam #Features ... #Signs #Manifestations
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... disease • Tertiary ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes