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causes diagnosis renal acidosis algorithm aniongap calculi calculus constipation diuresis excretion hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia low magnesium medications metabolic nongap pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... Renal #stones #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
, hypercalcemia, ... porphyria - Neurologic ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... - Calcium channel ... Constipation #Causes #Differential
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