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diagnosis causes algorithm classification renal acidosis aniongap calculi calculus central constipation diabetes diuresis diuretics excretion hyponatremia insipidus medications nongap peripheral
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... most common type ... Disease onset usually ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
diabetes mellitus - Metabolic ... : hypokalemia, hypercalcemia ... porphyria - Neurologic ... Diuretics - Calcium ... Constipation #Causes #Differential
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