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causes algorithm classification hyponatremia neurology renal signs types vertigo acidosis aniongap biliary borreliosis calcium calculi calculus central diabetes diuresis diuretics
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
The Diagnostic Approach ... to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... #differential #
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Diagnosis, and ... syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
granulomatous diseases ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Diseases of the Biliary Tract Asymptomatic gallstones - Asymptomatic Symptomatic gallstones - Biliary pain Cholesterolosis of gallbladder - Usually
Diseases of the ... asymptomatic, high ... gallbladder cancer Acute ... #differential # ... diagnosis #surgery
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
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