Manual of Medicine @ManualOfMedicine
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diagnosis causes classification algorithm hyponatremia table acidosis calculi calculus diabetes diuretics emergency excretion failure headache high hypokalemia hypomagnesemia injury insipidus
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... disease Ill. ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #Acidosis #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... losses, Diuretic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... failure Hypervolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... hyponatremia - Diuretics
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Renal transplant ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... amino acids in kidney ... recessive genetic disease ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Kidney #Injury ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Chronic kidney disease ... uropathy, post-acute ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #
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