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Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... straight segments - Secretion ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Bronchiectasis - Pulmonary ... Mitral Stenosis - Pulmonary ... #Differential #Causes ... #Table
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... heart defect - Pulmonary ... diseases - Pulmonary ... Central #Cardiology #Causes ... #Table #Comparison
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Stable #NarrowComplex ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of ... reactions, hematoma, pulmonary ... Syndromes - Faulty excretion ... miscellaneous causes ... #Jaundice #Classification
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
ureteropelvic junction ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Kidney stones caused ... Diuretics #Renal #Excretion ... #Medications #Table
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... Immunocompromised state ... immunologic system function ... - Postpartum state ... intercourse or exertion
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Inadequate excretion ... End-stage renal ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes