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Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - DI, Central ... hypernatremia - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
hyponatremia - Diuretics ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... #Medications #Table
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
in Pregnancy Central ... Hydralazine - Diuretics ... Pharmacology #HTN #Table
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Diagnosis of Central ... Differential #Diagnosis #Central ... #Cardiology #Causes ... #Table #Comparison
Causes of Cyanosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Cyanosis due to pulmonary or cardiac causes
Methemoglobinemia 
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Methaemalbuminaemia
Pseudocyanosis

#Causes #Cyanosis
Causes of Cyanosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Central Cyanosis ... pulmonary or cardiac causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Stable #NarrowComplex ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... parathyroid hormone control ... under vasopressin control ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... and Central Vertigo ... CENTRAL VERTIGO ... #Peripheral #Central ... #Vertigo #Causes