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Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... types 1 and 2) Drugs ... - Antiviral treatment ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #calculus
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal Calculus ... obstruction - Able ... to identify non-calculus ... causes of flank ... causes of obstruction
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... tubular necrosis • Drugs ... nephritis • Drugs ... POST-RENAL Urinary calculi
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Hypokalemia - Drugs ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
Pharmacologic Treatments ... Pregnancy #Management #Treatment ... Pharmacology #HTN #Table ... #Drugs
Drug Treatment of Anaphylaxis and Allergic Reactions
First-Line Therapy 
 - Epinephrine 
 - Oxygen 
 -
Drug Treatment of ... #Pharmacology #Table
Drugs Useful in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Migraine Headaches
Several classes of drugs are effective in
Drugs Useful in ... the Treatment and ... Headaches Several classes ... effective when given during ... Migraine #Headache #Treatment
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Crigler-Najjar syndrome, drug ... mutation in genes coding ... cholestasis (eg, certain drugs ... miscellaneous causes ... #differential #causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Stable #NarrowComplex ... #Tachycardia #Treatment