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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Hypokalemia - Drugs ... - SIADH Renal ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... types 1 and 2) Drugs ... - Antiviral treatment ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Drugs Useful in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Migraine Headaches
Several classes of drugs are effective in
Drugs Useful in ... the Treatment and ... Headaches Several classes ... effective when given during ... Migraine #Headache #Treatment
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... cell disease, Drugs ... Treatment is aimed
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... Conn's, Liddle's), Drugs
Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia
Nunerous secondary causes of hyperlipidemia exist; screening for the presence of these underlying
Secondary Causes ... mellitus, Chronic renal ... Antihypertensive drugs ... Glucocorticoid treatment ... Corticosteroid treatment
Medications Used in the Abortive Treatment of Ongoing Seizure Activity in the Emergency Department

INITIAL THERAPY
 -
in the Abortive Treatment ... SECOND-TIER TREATMENTS ... Phenytoin - May cause ... #Pharmacology #Dosing ... #Table