Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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34 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 β€’ Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... and chronic kidney ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury ( ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 β€’ Confirm hematuria β†’ Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing β€’ Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Algorithm #Workup
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 β€’ Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low Kidney Phosphate ... , Acute Respiratory ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 β€’ Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... #nephrology #causes ... #algorithm
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
- Differential Diagnosis ... t-PA, heparin Acute ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... acidosis, DKA Kidney ... #phosphate #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 β€’ Dehydration
 β€’ Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 β€’ Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #Kidney #Injury ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology