Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Adie's Pupil on Physical Exam

Adie's pupil is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil
Adie's Pupil on ... It is caused by ... infection which causes ... clinical #video #ophthalmology ... #neurology #syndrome
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Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Adie's Pupil What ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... dissociation • Other causes ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... of hypokalemia ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... , Gitelman syndrom ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium