Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential causes hypokalemia physicalexam clinical urine video acute adies aki alkalosis brainstem chloride comatose dolls eye framework hoffmanns hypercalcemia
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm High or Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... High or Normal ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Malignancy • Normal ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Abnormal Doll's Eye (Oculocephalic) Reflex on Physical Examination Normally, a patient's eyes should move in the opposite
Abnormal Doll's ... Oculocephalic) Reflex ... Examination Normally ... clinical #video #neurology ... #ophthalmology
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 Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... Supplementation (oral ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Renal Losses: • Normal ... Estrogen based Rx • Normal ... ADHR, XLHR - Normal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Adie's Pupil What? Unknown nature & benign • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm); • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... reexposed to light; • Normal ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... #nephrology #low
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
etiology of coma Abnormal ... movements; also normal ... flexion withdrawal, abnormal ... decortication), abnormal ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
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