Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... renal biopsy β€’ ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers β€’ Cardio-renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 β€’ Confirm hematuria β†’ Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... β†’ Urine culture ... β†’ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy β€’ Refer to Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op β€’ Neurologic ... GI losses β€’ Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... believed that urine ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... uncimchiefs #RTA #Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Sulfa Crystal!  Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Sulfa Crystals on Urine ... cause of acute renal ... Sulfa #Crystals #Urine ... #crystalluria #clinical ... #nephrology
β–Ί
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 β€’ Urine Chloride
 β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... β€’ Urine Chloride ... β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology