Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 β€’ Hypovolemia
 β€’ Congestion
 β€’ Medications
 β€’
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Framework ... PRE-Renal AKI ... #Acute #Kidney ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 β€’ Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Framework ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... #Acute #Kidney ... #nephrology #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... #Kidney #Injury ... #nephrology #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 β€’ Epithelial cells - Normal
 β€’ Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... - Diagnostic of ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 β€’ Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... and chronic kidney ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... Framework PRERENAL ... appropriate) #Acute ... #Kidney #Injury ... #AKI #Differential
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
t-PA, heparin Acute ... acidosis, DKA Kidney ... Disease: β€’ AKI ... CKD Increased Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 β€’ Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Kidney Injury AKI ... - Differential Diagnosis ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... thromboembolism, renal ... #nephrology