The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... Signs / Symptoms ... • Hypothalamic dysfunction ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... #mnemonic #GLFTAP
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Neurochemical abnormalities
 • Hyper-vigilance
 • Emotional hyper-arousal
 • Exaggerated startle reflex
 • Anxiety
StressDisorder #PTSD #BehavioralDisorder ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
production by the pituitary ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... pathophysiology #pituitary
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... Executive planning dysfunction ... pathophysiology #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
the etiology Signs ... /Symptoms: - Pretibial ... pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Psychological Hypothesis
 • Cognitive behavioral model: Emotional disturbance arising from
disturbance arising from dysfunctional ... Structural model: Dysfunction ... PersonalityDisorder #Diagnosis ... #Psychiatry #Signs ... #Symptoms
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Vertigo, Sexual Dysfunction ... SideEffects #Psychiatry #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... bladder/bowel dysfunction ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
on hypothalamus/pituitary ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis