The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... Grading #Grades #Diagnosis
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Brief Overview
LH and FSH are required for follicular development and
ovulation -> LH supports ... #menstruation #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
deficiency: - Short ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... symptoms #signs #diagnosis
Myelopathy - Injury to the entire spinal cord - Signs and Symptoms
 • Ataxia (early sign)
#Myelopathy #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #msk
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
pathophysiology #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #msk
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Overproduction #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... signs #symptoms #diagnosis
Open Fractures: Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Complications
Gustilo-Anderson Classification:
 • Type I
   - Wound <
Open #Fractures #Diagnosis ... Complications #MSK