28 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Diagnosis Framework ... : - RBC casts ... Causes of Hematuria ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #Workup #urology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... #nephrology #casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Renal: - Glomerular ... membrane, Alport syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #urology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Exercise • Fever ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
triad (<10%): fever ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... hematuria, mild ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #diagnosis