16 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Toast Syndrome, ... • Renal Failure ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... tubal acidosis and ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
and Features According ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... distal nephron: Hyponatremia ... KidneyDisease #nephrology ... #Effects #pathophysiology ... #renal
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... ≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... Increased open time and ... receptor Distal renal ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... • Hyponatremia ... euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table