415 results
diagnosis differential algorithm pathophysiology management physicalexam clinical causes pharmacology diabetes video hypocalcemia sign signs nephrology comparison symptoms dm2 hypothyroidism table
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology Calcitriol: • Bones: Enhances mineralization • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia: ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Vitamin D Metabolism Fat-soluble vitamin Sources: dermal synthesis and food (dairy products, fish) Active form: calcitriol (1,25-OH Vitamin D) Main
role: intestinal absorption ... VitaminD #Metabolism #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Rhabdomyolysis • Tumor Lysis • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Increased Intake / Absorption ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Decreased calcium absorption • Vitamin D deficiency -
Decreased calcium absorption ... Decreased intestinal absorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... Diagnosis #Causes #endocrinology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. Vitamin D
or intestinal absorption ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology PTH-mediated • Parathyroid cancer • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Oral Hypoglycemics in Diabetes Management 1 INSULIN SENSITIZER • TZD -
Diabeta) 3 CARB ABSORPTION ... slows gut starch absorption ... tubule glucose reabsorption
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