150 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Types of Spontaneous Abortion 
 - Threatened 
 - Inevitable 
 - Incomplete 
 - Complete
of Spontaneous Abortion ... #Spontaneous #Abortion ... #Types #OBGyn #
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Intake / Absorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Miscarriage - Types and Definitions

Threatened, Inevitable, Incomplete, Missed, Recurrent

#Miscarriage #Types #Definitions #Obstetrics #Classifcation #OBGyn #Abortion
Classifcation #OBGyn ... #Abortion
Post-abortion Hemorrhage Management Algorithm
Cervical laceration
 → Direct pressure, silver nitrate for small laceration
 → Repair with
Post-abortion Hemorrhage ... Management Algorithm ... while obtaining OBGYN ... Hemorrhage #Management #Algorithm ... #obstetrics #obgyn
Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Environmental:
 • Toxin (organic solvents, mercury, lead)
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Spontaneous #Abortion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Causes #Obstetrics #OBGyn