428 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
- Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Hormones #Pathophysiology
The Pathophysiology of Fat Absorption and Causes of Malabsorption (steatorrhoea)

#Fat #Malabsorption #Pathophysiology #Differential #Steatorrhea #Diarrhea #Diagnosis
The Pathophysiology ... of Fat Absorption ... and Causes of Malabsorption ... Malabsorption #Pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
tubule (PCT) - Reabsorption ... Isosmotic reabsorption ... organic acids and bases ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... • Increase Na reabsorption ... • Increase H2O absorption ... nephrology #Effects #pathophysiology
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
relatively high absorption ... relatively low absorption ... ammonia #hepatology #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Iron - Possible Routes of Administration and Fate in the Organism

#Iron #Absorption #Routes #Pathophysiology #pharmacology #Oral
Organism #Iron #Absorption ... #Routes #Pathophysiology