1098 results
Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of Action and Side Effects
 • Decr spinal cord activity -> Muscle relaxant
Decr spinal cord activity ... amygdala-centered circuit activity ... cerebral cortex activity ... #Pharmacology #pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
smoking, etoh, decr activity ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology
Vitamin D Metabolism
Fat-soluble vitamin
Sources: dermal synthesis and food (dairy products, fish)
Active form: calcitriol (1,25-OH Vitamin D)
Main
products, fish) Active ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Melanoma Pathogenesis

Environmental exposure (UV light) + genetic susceptibility (CDKN2A, CDK4, MC1R, BRAF, p16/ARF genes) → accumulation
melanocyte that activate ... #Pathophysiology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... ß-glucocerebrosidase activity
Risk factors for atherosclerosis

Modifiable risk factors:
 - Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL, decreased HDL)
 - Tobacco smoking
 -
lack of physical activity ... for females) #Pathophysiology
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
Leakage’ symptoms of active ... Leakage’ symptoms of active ... Subacute - Initial ‘active ... Endocrinology #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Mixing Study
 • Clotting tests can be abnormal due to either a clotting factor deficiency, or
normal factor activity ... 50% of normal activity ... diagnosis #hematology #pathophysiology
Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
cytotoxic cell activity ... #Inflammation #pathophysiology
Magnesium Absorption and Pathophysiology 
Magnesium Absorption: 
 • absorbed in the GIT — small intestine, Saturable
Absorption and Pathophysiology ... intestine, Saturable active ... Magnesium #Absorption #Pathophysiology