38 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... infections (HPV, EBV), Renal ... carcinoma (native kidney ... #Hematuria #Renal ... urine #management #treatment
Vancomycin Associated Acute Kidney Injury

 • Drug induced acute kidney injury is generally defined as a
Associated Acute Kidney ... induced acute kidney ... particularly underlying renal ... • Treatment includes ... Vancomycin #AKI #pharmacology
Algorithm for the Treatment of Membranous Lupus Nephritis
Sub-nephrotic-range proteinuria (<3.5g/d, normal serum albumin) and Preserved kidney
Algorithm for the Treatment ... Kidney protective ... Immunosuppression to treat non-renal ... to treat extra-renal ... Nephritis #Algorithm #Treatment
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
importance in renal ... conditions of decreased renal ... production of renal ... #renal #nephrology ... #pharmacology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment ... of renal bone disease ... the first-line treatments ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
Inhibitors - Normal and Renal ... patients have renal ... double check the kidney ... DPP4 #Inhibitors #Renal ... #Dosing #Pharmacology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... Non-reabsorbable anions
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Diuretics #Renal ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology